1 design principle The outdoor lighting of parks and green spaces is difficult to be rigidly regulated due to the complex environment, different uses, and many changes. I would like to put forward the following general principles for reference: (1) Do not generalize the lighting facilities, but combine the characteristics of the garden landscape. The lighting measures are arranged on the principle that they can fully reflect the landscape effect under the light. (2) The choice of the direction and color of the light should be based on the ability to increase the beauty of trees, shrubs and flowers. If the conifers reflect well under strong light, it is generally suitable to adopt the shadow treatment method; the broad-leaved tree species such as white birch, weeping willow, maple, etc. have a good reflection effect on floodlighting; incandescent lamps include reflective tungsten halogen lamps but can increase red and yellow. The color of the flowers makes them appear more vivid. The use of small emitters will make the local flowers beautiful and dazzling; the mercury lamps make the trees and lawn green bright and so on. (3) For the treatment of water surface and waterscape lighting landscape, pay attention to the direct illumination on the water surface, but it does not have much effect on the water surface itself, but it can reflect the small bridges, trees or garden buildings illuminated by the lights nearby. Oh, there is a dreamlike mood. The waterfalls and fountains can be treated with lighting, which is very beautiful, but the lights must pass through the water to make the water column crystal clear and sparkling. Therefore, whether it is around the water spray or where the small waterfall flows into the pond, the light should be placed below the water surface. When setting up the luminaire under water, care should be taken to make it difficult to find the luminaire hidden in the water during the day, but it should not be buried too deep, otherwise it will cause the light intensity to weaken. Generally installed at 30 100mm below the surface of the water is appropriate. When color lighting of water features is used, red, blue, and yellow primary colors are often used, followed by green. Some large waterfalls use headlights to work well, but if the spotlights located in the distance are directly on the waterfall, the effect is not satisfactory. The application of diving lamps is quite good, but requires special design. (4) For the main park roads of parks and green spaces, low-power street lamps should be installed on the lamp poles of 35 m high with a column spacing of 20 40 m, which is better. Two lamps per column, when the illumination needs to be increased, the two lamps are flush; the switch can be set to control the light to adjust the illumination; or the street lamp column can be used to illuminate the flowerbed and shrub with a 150W sealed beam reflector. . In some local rockeries and lawns, ground lighting can be provided. If the light pole is to be installed inside, the height should be less than 2m. (5) When designing lightings such as parks, green spaces, and garden roads, pay attention to the influence of roadside trees on road lighting. To prevent tree blockage, it is necessary to reduce the lamp spacing appropriately and increase the power of the light source to compensate for the blockage of trees. The resulting light loss can also be based on the height of the tree or the tree. When installing the lighting fixture, a longer lamp post cantilever is used to make the lamp protrude beyond the edge of the tree or change the suspension mode of the lamp to compensate for the light loss. (6) Whether it is day or night, the lighting equipment needs to be hidden from the line of sight. It is best to lay all the cable lines. (7) Color decorative lights can create a festive atmosphere, especially reflected in the water is more beautiful, but this decorative lighting is not easy to obtain a quiet, serene atmosphere, it is difficult to show the spectacular scene of nature, only limited adjustment use. 2 plant lighting Plants such as leaves, shrubs, and flowers have become an indispensable part of garden decoration with their comfortable colors, harmonious arrangement and beautiful form. In the nighttime environment, lighting can create a harmonious or welcoming, or flamboyant atmosphere. 2. 1 Principles for the illumination of plants (1) To study the general geometry of plants (conical, spherical, tower, etc.) and the extent to which plants are displayed in space. The type of illumination must match the geometry of the various plants. (2) Strong light illuminates the plants that stand in the air to achieve a contour effect. (3) Some light sources should not be used to change the original color of the leaves. But a light source of some color can be used to enhance the appearance of certain plants. (4) The color and appearance of the plant change with the seasons, and the lighting should also change. (5) The target of the illumination can be observed at one or many points near the object to be illuminated, and attention should be paid to eliminating glare. (6) Viewed from a distance, the projection illumination of a piece of trees is usually set as a background. Generally, individual targets are not considered, but only the color and the overall shape are considered. If you observe the target from a close place and need to directly evaluate the target, you should perform separate lighting treatment on the target. (7) For immature and unstretched plants and trees, decorative lighting is generally not applied. (8) All luminaires must be watertight and insect proof, and resistant to the corrosion of herbicides and insecticides. (9) Luminaires are generally installed on the ground level or behind bushes. 3 flower bed lighting Flower bed lighting method: (1) The flower bed on the ground level is observed from the top to the bottom, and is irradiated downward by a mushroom-like lamp. These luminaires are placed in the center or side of the flower bed, depending on the height of the flower. (2) Flowers come in a variety of colors, and light sources with a high color rendering index should be used. Incandescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps are well suited for this application. 4 sculptures, statues, lighting For small or medium-sized sculptures with a height of no more than 56 m, the lighting method is as follows: (1) The number and arrangement of illumination points depends on the type of target being illuminated. The requirement is to illuminate the entire target, but not evenly, the purpose is to create a sharper effect through shadows and different brightness. (2) Determine the position of the luminaire according to the location of the illuminated target and the surrounding environment: the illuminating target on the ground, isolated in the middle of the grass or the open space. At this time, the installation of the luminaire should be as close as possible to the ground to keep the surrounding appearance unaffected and reduce glare. It can also be installed on the ground behind the plants or walls. An illuminated target on a pedestal, isolated in the middle of a grass or open space. In order to control the brightness of the pedestal, the luminaire must be placed further afield. It is also important that the sides of the pedestal do not create shadows at the bottom of the illuminated target. The illuminated target on the pedestal is located in a pedestrian accessible location. It is usually not possible to install the luminaire around the pedestal, because the distance is too close in perspective, the luminaire can only be fixed on a common lighting pole or on the facade of a nearby building, but care must be taken to avoid glare. (3) For the statue, the main part of the face and the front of the image are usually illuminated. Back lighting requirements are much lower, or in some cases, no illumination is required at all. (4) Although the lighting from the bottom up is the easiest to do, it should be noted that no illumination can be applied in the direction that may produce unpleasant shadows on the face of the figure. (5) For some sculptures, the color of the material is an important element. In general, illumination with incandescent lamps has good color rendering. The color of the material can be increased by using an appropriate bulb mercury lamp, metal halide lamp, or sodium lamp. It is best to use a color illumination to do a light color test. 5 water lighting 5. 1 method of underwater lighting Water is the source of life. The ideal waterscape should be able to hear its sound and see its flicker and swing through underwater illumination. 5. 2 lighting of fountains and waterfalls (1) Illumination of the jet. In the case of a water jet, the floodlighting fixture is placed behind the spout in the sink or under the drop point where the water flow falls back into the sink, or is installed in both locations. The water flow leaving the spout has the highest density of water flow and will diffuse as it flows through the air. Since water and air have different refractive indices, the light of the floodlight produces secondary refraction when entering and exiting the water column. At the point of drop, the water has turned into a fine rain. The floodlighting fixture is placed under water about 10 cm from the point of drop, giving the falling water droplets a sparkling effect. (2) Lighting of the waterfall. The method of flooding the waterfall is: for water flow and waterfall, the luminaire should be placed at the bottom of the water drop. The luminous flux output should depend on the drop of the waterfall and the thickness of the falling water layer that is proportional to the flow rate, and also the extent to which the water flow is dissipated depending on the shape of the outflow opening. The flow rate is relatively slow, and the stepwise water flow with a small drop is required. The bottom of each step must be equipped with illumination. Linear light sources (fluorescent lamps, linear halogen incandescent lamps, etc.) are most suitable for such situations. Due to the weight and impact of the falling water, the adjustment angle and arrangement of the floodlighting fixture may be damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to firmly fix the luminaire to the wall of the sink or to add weight to the luminaire. Dynamic lighting with a color changing program can produce a fixed water flow effect and a varying water setting effect. 5. 3 static water and lake lighting (1) All static or slow-flowing water, such as water in ponds, ponds, lakes, or slow-flowing rivers, is very interesting. Therefore, as long as the scene of the river bank is illuminated, it will surely reflect the fascinating spectacle on the water surface, which is particularly attractive. (2) For objects that attract attention on the shore or objects that extend out of the water (such as reclining trees), they can be illuminated by flooding lamps that are submerged under water. (3) For scenes that cause turbulence in the water surface due to wind and other reasons, the surface of the water can be directly illuminated by the floodlights on the shore to obtain interesting dynamic effects. The reflected light at this time is no longer uniform, and the illumination provides a series of shapes of water that vary continuously in different brightness regions. 6 Park Road Lighting 6. 1 Lighting on the road (1) Arrange along the sides of the road. This type of lighting effect is good, the reflection effect is small, and it is suitable for the sightseeing avenue of scenic spots. (2) Staggered along the sides of the road. The advantage is that the road surface can obtain higher illumination and better uniformity, and is applicable to the field contract. (3) Arrange along the centerline of the road. Its advantage is that the illumination is uniform, and the interference of the street tree to the illumination can be solved. The disadvantage is that the reflection of the road surface is facing the direction of the car and the person, and glare is easy to occur. (4) Arranged along the side of the road. Illumination and uniformity are low. Because the width of the general road is small, it can also meet its needs. Most garden roads use this method, which is simple, economical and economical. 6. 2 Lighting at special locations (1) Curved section: When using the one-side arrangement in the corner of the road, the streetlight should be placed on the outside of the curve as much as possible, while reducing the spacing and increasing the illumination. 5å€ã€‚ The lamp is generally 0. 5 0. 75 times on the straight line segment. (2) Intersection: In addition to meeting the requirements of general road lighting, the intersection of road lighting also has a clear indication of steering and convergence. Light sources different from the road light color, different types of lamps or different layout methods may be used, and if necessary, additional lamps that are out of the regular arrangement may be separately installed. (3) Park Bridge: The lighting of the garden bridge should ensure that the bridge deck is clearly visible under the light, and it is best to arrange the sides symmetrically. The curved bridge can be arranged at each turn of the railing; for the taller arch bridge, the top of the bridge can also be provided with lighting fixtures to make the step treads clearly distinguishable.
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