Research and Analysis of White LED Phosphor Coating Based on Optical Simulation

[Source: "High-tech LED - Technology and Applications" June issue]

In this paper, the main white light LED implementation scheme, blue LED+YAG yellow phosphor, focuses on one of the key technologies of packaging, and discusses the influence of various characteristic parameters and microstructure of white phosphor on white LED through optical simulation. . The simulation results show that one of the three parameters of particle size, concentration and thickness has the same effect on the light color performance of white LEDs. The flux of the near-field conformal coating structure is larger, but the spatial color uniformity of the spherical surface is far away. More conformal coating.

1 Introduction

The development of high-efficiency blue LEDs by scientists S. Nakamura began, and a large number of in-depth studies by global industrial giants and research institutes have led to the rapid development of LEDs toward higher levels [1]. LED has high efficiency, pure color, low energy consumption, long life, reliable and durable, flexible application, no pollution, etc., has been widely used in road lighting, home lighting, automotive lighting, landscape lighting and other fields. The solid-state lighting source--white LED will replace the traditional lighting source such as incandescent lamp and fluorescent lamp as a new type of green general illumination source with its superior advantages, and will bring better lighting to human life [2-3]. At present, the main implementation of white LEDs is the blue LED chip to stimulate yellow phosphor conversion. Phosphors in phosphor-converted white LEDs play an important role in the combination of light and color to form white light, so phosphors have an extremely important influence on the quality of white light. Based on the optical simulation, the effects of phosphors on the color performance of white LEDs are discussed from the aspects of particle size, thickness, concentration and coating microstructure of phosphors.

2, white LED and phosphor modeling

In the phosphor-converted white LED, the process of exciting the yellow phosphor and combining it into white light is complicated, involving light absorption, excitation, emission, and light refraction and scattering. The optical simulation of this paper is done using the optical software LightTools. LightTools is a new lighting analysis software developed by Optical Research Associates of the United States after the development of the international leading optical engineering software CODE V. LightTools has built-in 3D CAD modeling functions, lighting modules, optimization modules and data conversion modules. It is widely used in flat panel TV backlight modules, lighting fixtures, automotive interior/external lighting, LED packaging, light pipes, solar power generation, diffusion film polarizing film. And other fields.

The simulation steps include: (a) blue LED chip modeling, setting geometric and physical properties and optical performance simulation; (b) white LED modeling and setting of various material properties and surface optical properties; (c) phosphor layer geometry Set the physical properties; (d) optical tracing and phosphor conversion simulation; (e) white LED optical performance analysis. The simulation step of the phosphor material is as follows: firstly create a new user material, then add one or more phosphor particles to the newly created user material, and finally set the physical and optical properties for each phosphor particle.

The modeling and simulation of the chip's modeling light source is the basis for the design and research of phosphor-converted LEDs, and plays an important role in the design and color analysis of the entire device. To accurately simulate the luminescence performance of a chip, it is necessary to consider the geometry of the light source, the spectral curve, and the spatial distribution of the light intensity. Create a LED chip geometry model, simulate using Monte Carlo method, establish the light source by describing the position, direction, intensity and wavelength of each light, calculate the light result through the optical component and predict the illuminance, intensity and brightness.

The model of the chip is CREE EZ900. The material of the chip is InGaN, the refractive index is 2.5, the structure is vertical and vertical, the spatial light intensity distribution is Lambertian, and the spectral distribution is Gaussian with a half-width of 22 nm and a central wavelength of 460 nm. distributed. The radiation power is 380 mW. Figures 1 and 2 show the actual light intensity distribution and simulation results of the chip.

For more information, please refer to the June issue of "High-tech LED-Technology and Applications" magazine.

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