The crisis of cooperation between Toyota and Tesla has led to the question of the outside world about lithium battery vehicles. Due to the expiration of the agreement with Tesla, Toyota will end the production of RAV4 electric vehicles this year. Tesla's production activities in the RAV4 electric vehicle project with Toyota will also be terminated in 2014. Recently, Toyota announced that it will officially introduce its fuel cell vehicles to the market in 2015. The reason for the close cooperation between Toyota and Tesla to terminate the RAV4 electric vehicle project is here. "Cooperation crisis" leads to three major problems of lithium-ion battery electric vehicles First, indirect pollution is still unavoidable. Compared with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, it further highlights the pollution problem of traditional lithium-ion battery electric vehicles. First of all, the current power source for lithium-ion battery charging still relies mainly on thermal power generation. The process of converting fossil energy into electric energy will cause environmental pollution. Secondly, the positive and negative materials of lithium-ion battery, electrolyte solution and other substances are for the environment and the human body. Health has also had a major impact. The United States has classified lithium-ion batteries as a toxic and harmful battery, including flammability, leaching toxicity, corrosiveness, and reactivity. Therefore, electric vehicles that rely on lithium-ion batteries will indirectly produce some pollution. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can achieve zero pollution in the true sense. The principle is to input hydrogen into the fuel cell. The electrons of the hydrogen atom are blocked by the proton exchange membrane, and are transmitted from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through an external circuit to become an electric energy driving motor. The proton can be oxidized into a pure water mist through the proton exchange membrane. discharge. The fuel of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is hydrogen and oxygen. The energy is released by electrochemical reaction instead of combustion (steam, diesel) or energy storage (battery). The product is only clean water, which effectively reduces carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon. The emission of gases that can pollute the environment, such as compounds, nitrogen oxides, and greenhouse gases, achieves zero pollution in the true sense. Second, the endurance ability is generally insufficient. Insufficient endurance is a major drawback of electric vehicles. The battery life of electric vehicles is mainly limited by the energy density of batteries. At present, the domestic electric vehicles mainly use lithium iron phosphate batteries, and their actual specific capacity is only about 140mAh/g. For example, several cars entering the “Beijing Demonstration Application New Energy Bus Production Enterprise and Product Catalogueâ€, the mileage of the Beiqi E150EV is 130 km, the SAIC Roewe E50 is 180 km, the Jianghuai is 200 km, and the best performing BYD The e6 is only 300 kilometers away, which is far from the traditional car's endurance. At present, the Tesla MODEL S, which represents the world's most advanced electric vehicle, has a battery life of 502 kilometers, but the industry is not optimistic about its future improvement. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles do not have the problem of insufficient endurance. Since the hydrogen fuel cell can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, it does not need to undergo intermediate transformation of thermal energy and mechanical energy (generator), so the power generation efficiency is high, and can reach 50% or more. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can easily reach 500-600 kilometers. Third, the charging time is long. The charging time of electric vehicles is too long, which is also an important reason for affecting consumers' interests. Take BYD e6 as an example, it takes 2 hours to charge in a high-power charging station, and 38 hours to use a common civil alternating current, while the traditional car is full. The tank gasoline can be no more than 5 minutes. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are fueled in the same time as conventional gasoline vehicles, and it takes only 3-5 minutes to fill up the fuel. Table 1 The main charging method of BYD e6 (Note: After 55 kWh battery is fully charged, it can provide 300 km of comprehensive working range cruising range) In summary, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has the advantages of environmental protection, strong endurance and fast fueling, and can solve the three major problems of current lithium-ion battery electric vehicles, and is an important development direction of electric vehicles in the future. However, from the current actual situation, due to the high cost of hydrogen fuel cell manufacturing and the difficulty in the construction of hydrogenation facilities, there is still a big gap between large-scale commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and traditional lithium-ion battery electric vehicles are still The current mainstream of new energy vehicles. Advice on promoting the development of electric vehicles Develop clean electric energy and reduce indirect pollution of electric vehicles. The first is to build solar energy and wind energy charging stations to achieve true zero pollution. At present, China's solar charging stations have made certain progress. In 2010, the photovoltaic roof car charging station invested and constructed by Jiangxi Electric Power Company was completed and put into operation in Yichun, Jiangxi, which laid the foundation for the development of photovoltaic charging stations. The advanced experience of the British Ecotricity has made great success in the construction of wind energy charging piles. Second, vigorously develop solar, wind, nuclear and other power generation projects, improve China's power structure based on fossil fuel power generation, and reduce indirect pollution of electric vehicles. Increase research and development efforts to improve the performance of power lithium batteries. Focus on strengthening the research and development of lithium battery cathode materials, especially the development and utilization of ternary materials, to enhance the energy density of power lithium batteries. The theoretical specific capacity of the traditional lithium iron phosphate material is only 170 mAh/g, and the theoretical specific capacity of the ternary material is 278 mAh/g, which is a big difference. Meanwhile, compared with the actual specific capacity, the ternary material lithium battery can reach 170 mAh/ More than g, it is more than 30% higher than the traditional lithium iron phosphate battery, and has a broad space for development. Fast charging and power exchange combine to improve operating efficiency. For non-operating vehicles, strengthen the construction and technical breakthrough of high-voltage fast charging stations, and further shorten the charging time. The survey shows that only when the charging time of electric vehicles is shortened to less than 10 minutes, it can be generally accepted by consumers; for taxis and buses When operating vehicles, vigorously develop power-changing technology, unified planning and construction of power stations in the city, to achieve a rational layout, and further improve the time of power exchange.
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